Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has been regarded as the most exciting development in cancer treatment for a long time after years of scientific research and clinical trails. Immunotherapy is a treatment that is designed to harness the ability of the body’s immune system to combat infection or disease, such as cancer, allergy and autoimmune disease. Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines are the representative types of immunotherapy treatments. Recently immune checkpoints and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell have drawn attention from scientists with numerous clinical success.

Immune Checkpoints

Immune checkpoints have been playing a significant role in cancer immunotherapy. They are a serious of co-stimulatory and inhibitory signals for regulating the antigen recognition. The cancer cells cleverly escape from immunity by dysregulating immune checkpoint signaling. So agonists of co-stimulatory signals or antagonists of inhibitory signals function as good ways for cancer therapy. Over these years, remarkable successes have been achieved in immune checkpoint therapy : CTLA-4 and PD1- PD-L1 inhibitors have already been approved for cancer therapy with effective efficacy. Multiple additional researches on other immune checkpoints have also stepped into clinical trials, predicting new hope for conquering cancer.

CAR-T Cell Therapy

A therapeutic CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) is a transmembrane protein designed with an extracellular domain based on an antibody single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and intracellular signaling domains derived from the TCR g chain, along with other costimulatory receptors.  The scFv provides a specific binding domain that recognizes target proteins on cancer cells.  A patient’s own T cells are isolated and activated, then transfected with a gene expressing the CAR.  This reprograms the T cells to identify and attack tumor cells expressing the target protein, creating personalized immune cells designed to specifically target the patient’s cancer.

The first FDA approved treatments were CAR T cells directed against the B cell protein CD19.  Success with CD19 has inspired new research identifying additional targets for several blood cancers and even solid tumors.  For example, early clinical trials using CAR-T treatment  suggest BCMA and CD22 are promising targets for multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.  CD19-targeting CAR T cells are also in development as co-therapies with therapeutic antibodies targeting the PD-1:PD-L1 and CD28:CTLA4 pathways.

At THP we strive to provide tools at the cutting edge of cancer research. We offer a growing list of experimental cell lines, antibodies, recombinant proteins, ELISA kits and screening services to advance the search for new CAR T cell therapies:

Contact us to find out how we can help with your research needs.


Dr. Rainer Englisch
+43 664 968 29 66
r.englisch@thp.at

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Immuno-Oncology